Suchergebnisse

El presente artículo tiene la intención de reivindicar el pensamiento y la crítica social de Thorstein Veblen que, a pesar del silencio académico que ha sufrido en las últimas décadas, sigue vigente. Buena parte de su obra tuvo como objetivo diseccionar el irracional quid pro quo que caracterizaba a la lógica económica de su tiempo —que en muchos sentidos sigue siendo el nuestro—. A través de algunos de sus conceptos analíticos centrales como "clase ociosa", "consumo ostensible", "intereses creados", "sabotaje capitalista","propiedad ausente"y"capitanes de industria", el pensamiento de Veblen ha adquirido una inesperada actualidad en nuestros tiempos, en los que la deslegitimación del sistema económico dominante ha sufrido una vertiginosa aceleración. Este artículo aspira a poner de manifiesto el hilo invisible que une al "capitán de industria" de Veblen con el "empren- dedor" de la época del capitalismo neoliberal, con la esperanza de volver a hacer resonar la potencia hermenéutica que encierra su obra.

What political philosophy can be reconstructed from the premises of Cartesian philosophy? Two hypotheses will be suggested in order to answer that question: 1) The political philosophy derived from Descartes' ideas suggests a political philosophy committed to the principles of political absolutism, and 2) The key of Cartesian political philosophy lies in political theology: in that voluntarism which links the metaphysical decisionism related to the good, justice and truth with the political decisionism assumed by absolutism. Reconstructing the political philosophy in Descartes will, therefore, push us to return to the theological disputes of the Baroque. ; El presente texto tratará de responder a la pregunta de qué filosofía política cabe reconstruir a partir de las premisas del pensamiento cartesiano, asunto sobre el que, sin embargo, Descartes guardó un significativo silencio. A partir de la propuesta de interpretación que se ensaya dos hipótesis serán sugeridas: 1) que esa filosofía política dibuja un Descartes comprometido con los principios básicos del absolutismo político característico del período Barroco y 2) que la clave de la filosofía política cartesiana se halla en la teología: en el voluntarismo que pone en continuidad el decisionismo metafísico que afecta al bien, la justicia y la verdad con el decisionismo político que asume el absolutismo de la época. Reconstruir una política de la subjetividad en Descartes obligará, pues, a retornar a las disputas teológicas de la época y a las posiciones mantenidas por Descartes con respecto a ellas.

Abstract Background In organisational theory there is an assumption that knowledge is used effectively in healthcare systems that perform well. Actors in healthcare systems focus on managing knowledge of clinical processes like, for example, clinical decision-making to improve patient care. We know little about connecting that knowledge to administrative processes like high-risk medical device procurement. We analysed knowledge-related factors that influence procurement and clinical procedures for orthopaedic medical devices in Mexico. Methods We based our qualitative study on 48 semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders in Mexico: orthopaedic specialists, government officials, and social security system managers or administrators. We took a knowledge-management related perspective (i) to analyse factors of managing knowledge of clinical procedures, (ii) to assess the role of this knowledge and in relation to procurement of orthopaedic medical devices, and (iii) to determine how to improve the situation. Results The results of this study are primarily relevant for Mexico but may also give impulsion to other health systems with highly standardized procurement practices. We found that knowledge of clinical procedures in orthopaedics is generated inconsistently and not always efficiently managed. Its support for procuring orthopaedic medical devices is insufficient. Identified deficiencies: leaders who lack guidance and direction and thus use knowledge poorly; failure to share knowledge; insufficiently defined formal structures and processes for collecting information and making it available to actors of health system; lack of strategies to benefit from synergies created by information and knowledge exchange. Many factors are related directly or indirectly to technological aspects, which are insufficiently developed. Conclusions The content of this manuscript is novel as it analyses knowledge-related factors that influence procurement of orthopaedic medical devices in Mexico. Based on our results we recommend that the procurement mechanism should integrate knowledge from clinical procedures adequately in their decision-making. Without strong guidance, organisational changes, and support by technological solutions to improve the generation and management of knowledge, procurement processes for orthopaedic high-risk medical devices will remain sub-optimal.

Abstract Background We know little about how procurement of a high-risk medical device (HRMD) affects clinical practice and outcomes. In health systems in high-income countries, and specifically those that maintain a national arthroplasty registry, procurement decisions are frequently guided by long-term clinical results, with the goal of ensuring at least standard quality of HRMDs. But in countries like Mexico, decision-making is often dominated by lowest acquisition price. We set out to study the impact of procurement for orthopaedic HRMDs on clinical procedures and outcomes. Methods We based our qualitative study on 59 in-depth interviews with stakeholders from Mexico, Switzerland, Germany, and UK: orthopaedic specialists, government officials, other experts, and social security system managers or administrators. We took a healthcare delivery approach to capturing and comparing factors that affected the regulations of HRMDs and procurement processes, and to understanding connections between procurement and clinical practice. Results Our findings demonstrate for procurement processes that the three European countries compared to Mexico don't have similar concerns with regards to their procurement processes. Deficiencies of procurement regulations and practices identified from representatives in Mexico were almost absent in European countries. We identified three areas of deficiency: 1) HRMD regulations based on insufficiently robust clinical evidence (mainly noted by European countries); 2) Follow-up on Health Technology Assessments is inadequate (noted by Mexico) and methodology not always good enough (noted by European countries); and, 3) Lowest-acquisition price often guides procurement decisions and thus may not align with needs of clinical procedures (noted by Mexico and some European countries). Conclusions Procurement processes for orthopaedic HRMDs may have an impact on clinical procedures and outcomes. A favourable approach is one where orthopaedic specialists are parties to the procurement process, and post-market surveillance data informs decision-making. Actors in the procurement process can improve their impact on clinical procedures and outcomes by developing specific strategies that better align the needs of both, procurement and clinical procedures.

Objective. To analyze the role of stakeholders to three alternative strategies to improve processes and practices regarding the regulation, assessment, and management oforthopaedic medical devices in Mexico. Materials and methods. The study was based on document analysis and 17 structured interviews with multiple key actors within the Mexican health system to inform a stakeholder analysis aiming at assessing the political feasibility of these strategies. Results. Central level government agencies, those with a relation to quality of care, were identified as most relevant stakeholders to influence the adaption and application of the strategies. Major barriers identified are financial and human resources, and organisational culture towards reform. Conclusion. Discussed strategies are political feasible. However, solving identified barriers is crucial to achieve changes directed to improve outputs and outcomes of medical device life cycle and positively influence the quality of health care and the health system's performance.

La PNL se proyecta como una herramienta de perfeccionamiento colectivo e individual en el marco de la excelencia, que favorece la humanización y sensibilidad de este mundo neurotizado por las diferentes barreras comunicacionales y paradigmas culturales y sociales; con el objetivo de optimizar nuestras esferas de actuación. La finalidad del presente artículo fue analizar el conocimiento acerca de la Programación Neurolingüística que posee el personal directivo de las escuelas de Educación Básica del distrito los olivos de la provincia de lima, Perú en los actuales tiempos de pandemia. El estudio se fundamentó con los planteamientos teóricos de Douat (2017), Deminco (2019), Muñoz (2019), Redford (2017), Romero et al. (2015), entre otros. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva con diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 58 sujetos, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran que los directivos poseen un mediano conocimiento de la PNL y con respecto a la comunicación, la media aritmética es de 0,188 categorizándose en muy baja, según el baremo establecido, lo cual indica que el personal directivo de los colegios nacionales de educación primaria del distrito Los Olivos de la provincia de Lima, poseen muy bajo conocimiento acerca de la comunicación, resultando un aspecto negativo en cuanto al desenvolvimiento gerencial del personal referido, ya que no conocen en su totalidad esta característica fundamental para el desarrollo de la PNL en todos los ámbitos. Por ello se propone, el uso de la PNL, para que posibilite el desarrollo de habilidades con las que se puedan concebir resultados que optimicen la comunicación del personal directivo de los colegios referidos en los actuales tiempos de pandemia.

El objetivo del estudio es comprobar la efectividad una guía teórico-práctica como objeto de aprendizaje para entornos virtuales en la realización de Proyectos de Investigación (PI) como objeto de aprendizaje para entornos virtuales en el curso de Metodología de Investigación de la Facultad de Educación de una universidad de Lima Metropolitana del Perú. La investigación se fundamenta en los estudios de Gómez et al. (2020), Hernández-Sampieri y Mendoza (2018), Pástor et al. (2020), Peiris et al. (2018), Pérez-Fuentes (2019), Pilozo-Cedeño (2016) entre otros. La investigación cuenta con un diseño cuasiexperimental. La población la constituyen 358 estudiantes y las unidades de estudio fueron noventa estudiantes correspondientes al curso referido de las secciones: 421 y 422. El estudio de la realización de los PI se desarrolla con las dimensiones contextualización del problema, fundamentación teórica y metodología. Las variaciones en la constitución de las dimensiones con sus respectivos indicadores, después de la aplicación de la guía diseñada, probándose en gran medida discrepancias entre estos, debido a que, el estadístico de t computarizado se encuentra relacionado, a valores de significancia inferiores a 0,01. Por ello, se plantea la guía teórica-práctica como objeto de aprendizaje para entornos virtuales como base para la realización de los PI, puesto que dicha guía; optimiza el conocimiento de lo que se va a realizar, optimiza la comunicación, fomenta la motivación, permite un mejor provecho de los recursos, manifiesta la visión y misión de los estudiantes y ha logrado significativos avances en el desarrollo de los proyectos de investigación de los educandos del curso referido.

Endogenous development seeks to improve the living conditions of rural inhabitants through the combined use of natural resources and progress actions that are in harmony with the ecosystem but at the same time are a permanent financial path. At the same time, it seeks the preservation of biodiversity as a power of origin, as well as a financial progress with sustainable productivity that provides welfare. In this sense, the purpose of the study was to describe the role of the university as a manager of research and innovation for the achievement of endogenous development in the Peruvian Amazon through the perception of university authorities and professors. The research had a qualitative approach, with a grounded theory design, with teachers and authorities of the National University of the Peruvian Amazon as informants. The results of the interviews were analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ program to determine the co-occurrences and relationships of the two categories: Role of the university as a manager of research and innovation and endogenous development of the Peruvian Amazon. A lexicometric study of the documents generated was carried out. Reporting from the perception of the authorities and teachers to the research and innovation that is carried out from the university as a central axis for the achievement of the endogenous development of the region. In addition, they state the need for the active participation of all students together with their teachers for the planning of activities that lead to solve the problems of the region through the generation of scientific knowledge and innovation. In conclusion, the university has a leading role as a manager of research and innovation to achieve the endogenous development of the Peruvian Amazon.